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Expectancy TheoryVroom |
Summary of Expectancy Theory - Vroom. Abstract |
Victor Vroom 1964 |
The Expectancy Theory (ET) of Victor Vroom deals with motivation and management. Vroom's theory assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives whose purpose it is to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Together with Edward Lawler and Lyman Porter, Vroom suggested that the relationship between people's behavior at work and their goals was not as simple as was first imagined by other scientists. Vroom realized that an employee's performance is based on individuals factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities. The theory says that individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if they believe that:
Vroom's theory is based upon the following three beliefs:
Vroom suggests that an employee's beliefs about Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence interact psychologically to create a motivational force such that the employee acts in ways that bring pleasure and avoid pain. This force can be 'calculated' via the following formula: Motivation = Valance x Expectancy(Instrumentality). This formula can be used to indicate and predict such things as job satisfaction, one's occupational choice, the likelihood of staying in a job, and the effort one might expend at work. T I P : Here you can discuss and learn a lot more about motivating people and Expectancy Theory. Compare with the Expectancy Theory on Motivation with: Hierarchy of Needs | Competing Values Framework | Framing | Herzberg Two Factor Theory | Theory X Theory Y | ERG Theory | Leadership Continuum | Path-Goal Theory | Leadership Styles |
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