EVA Model
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EVA Model |
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Economic Value Added |
Calculating Economic Profit with the EVA Model. Abstract |
© / ™Stern Stewart & Co. |
Summary
Economic Value Added (EVA) is a financial performance method to calculate the true economic profit of a corporation. EVA can be calculated as net operating after taxes profit minus a charge for the opportunity cost of the capital invested.
Financial Value
Residual Income
Flow
Economic Profit
Net Sales
- Operating Expenses
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Operating Profit (EBIT)
- Taxes
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Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT)
- Capital Charges (Invested Capital x Cost of Capital)
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Economic Value Added (EVA)
EVA is an estimate of the amount by which earnings exceed or fall short of the required minimum rate of return for shareholders or lenders at comparable risk.
Unlike Market-based measures, such as MVA, EVA can be calculated at divisional (Strategic Business Unit) level.
Unlike Stock measures, EVA is a flow and can be used for performance evaluation over time.
Unlike accounting profit, such as EBIT, Net Income and EPS, EVA is Economic and is based on the idea that a business must cover both the operating costs AND the capital costs.
Usage of the EVA Method
EVA can be used for the following purposes:
Book: S. David Young, Stephen F. O'Byrne - EVA and Value-Based Management: A Practical Guide to Implementation
Book: Aswath Damodaran - Investment Valuation: Tools and Techniques for Determining the Value of Any Asset
Book: James R. Hitchner - Financial Valuation: Applications and Models
| 👀 | TIP: On this website you can find much more about Economic Value Added! |
Compare with Economic Value Added: Market Value Added | PRVit | CFROI | Economic Margin | CVA | EBIT | EBITDA | Cash Ratio | Current Ratio | Return on Equity | Fair Value | TSR | Cash Flow from Operations | Dividend Payout Ratio | Cost-Benefit Analysis
Young, O'Byrne, EVA and VBM
Stern, The EVA Challenge: Implementing Value Added Change...
Copeland, Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies
Grant, Foundations of EVA
Ferris, Valuation: Avoiding the Winner's Curse
Madden, CFROI Valuation
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