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According to the Two Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg
people are influenced by two factors. Satisfaction and psychological
growth was a factor of motivation factors. Dissatisfaction was a
result of hygiene factors. Herzberg developed this motivation
theory during his investigation of 200 accountants and engineers in the USA.
- Hygiene factors are needed to
ensure an employee does not become dissatisfied. They do not lead to
higher levels of motivation, but without them there is dissatisfaction.
- Motivation factors are needed in
order to motivate an employee into higher performance. These factors
result from internal generators in employees.
Typical Hygiene
Factors are:
Typical Motivation Factors include:
Combining the hygiene and motivation factors results in four scenario's:
-
High Hygiene +
High Motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly
motivated and have few complaints.
-
High Hygiene +
Low Motivation: Employees have few complaints but are not highly
motivated. The job is perceived as a paycheck.
-
Low Hygiene +
High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of complaints. A
situation where the job is exciting and challenging but salaries and
work conditions are not up to par.
-
Low Hygiene +
Low Motivation: The worst situation. Unmotivated employees with lots of
complaints.
Herzberg suggests
that often work can and should be arranged in the following ways:
- job
enlargement
- job
rotation, and/or
- job
enrichment.
Besides The Tow
Factor Theory, Frederick Herzberg is also known sometimes for his
acronym KITA, which has been politely translated as a kick in the
pants! Herzberg said that KITA does not produce motivation but only
movement.
Compare: Maslow Hierarchy Needs
| Theory X Theory Y
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Competing Values Framework | Expectancy Theory
| ERG Theory | Hofstede
|
What is Value Based Management?
| Leadership
Continuum
More management models
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